Secondary to his Bruckner? (the recordings of Eugen Jochum)

Posted by: Tam on 13 May 2006

The title, for me, says it all. It is motivated by the liner notes of several sets of mine, all of which seem to start off by excusing the conductor "he may have been known for his Bruckner but his Beethoven/Brahms/Haydn (delete as appropriate) is very good too". And, on most of these sets I come away wondering what on earth there is to excuse.

Actually, my first encounter with Jochum was not through Bruckner at all, but rather with his Brahms in the form of the piano concertos with Gilels. Indeed, I don't think those liner notes do make the Bruckner comment. However, I wasn't entirely bowled over by those readings and, though I do love the orchestral playing, I am not entirely convinced by Gilels (as has been discussed on other threads); however, the second in particular has grown on me.

My next encounter with Jochum was accidental: coming across his Beethoven symphony cycle for under £10 was not something I was about to pass up. And here I met the 'Bruckner comment' for the first time. Indeed, the very first sentence of the notes says it "represents an interpretation by a conductor who was not necessarily regarded as a 'classic' Beethovenian but who enjoyed a reputation as the ultimate authority on Bruckner". Indeed the whole note amounts to something of an excuse "Even so, we should not dismiss his Beethoven as less successful than, or secondary to, his Bruckner". Quite why they feel the need to go on like this is beyond me since this set more than stands on its own and is one of the most satisfying cycles I have (and one of the very few I would be genuinely happy living with were I only allowed one - though that would be terribly unfair). The set has been wronged by its bridging of the mono and stereo eras (though the sound is, in fact, superb throughout) and hasn't always had the place in the catalogue it deserves (it also leaves me convinced that people should not be allowed to use the word 'Beethovenian'). This is a shame.

At the same time, I also picked up, at budget price, Jochum's EMI/Dresden Bruckner cycle. And, to some extent, this does explain the constant references to his Bruckner, because it is so very fine (indeed, it is much the most satisfying of the Bruckner cycles I own, but I will not discuss it here as I have done so at length on other threads).

Recently, partly because I felt a lack of 'big orchestra' Brahms, and partly because of several penguin guide rosettes, I went on something of a Jochum spending spree picking up both his Brahms cycles and his Haydn London symphonies.

The DG BPO Brahms notes again make the Bruckner comment, though in this case it is more justified. In the first place because the finale of the first, in particular, has a very Brucknerian feel to it. I have discussed this set in the Brahms thread and will say only that they are the only Jochum discs so far that have seriously disappointed me (because they are rather too rushed). The same cannot be said, so far, of the later EMI/LPO stereo set. I've only listened to the 1st and the two overtures, but it has been wonderful. The readings seem slightly slower (and timings support that), but not so much so as to cause problems and the result would seem to be just right.

Finally, this morning, the London symphonies turned up. Until now my guiding light has been Bernstein. I love the joy he brings to his Haydn readings. Jochum is not quite the same, but involving and exciting in a different way, and I am enjoying these very much indeed. Number 94 'the surprise' was wonderfully, well, surprising and fresh. Given Amazon are currently doing this set for just shy of £15 (and given the fillers of 88 and 98 with the BPO and 91 with the BRSO) there's little excuse not to pick it up.

So, what is the point of this thread? Well, firstly that Jochum did a lot more than Bruckner, and much of it is very good indeed. Secondly, it makes me wonder what other gems there may be out there. It strikes me that Jochum lacks the critical or popular following of many of his peers and I wonder whether some of his recordings languish unreleased (since a search online doesn't seem to turn up so many as I would expect) or simply unnoticed. But, really, I just wanted to celebrate a great conductor and some of his great recordings.

regards, Tam
Posted on: 16 May 2006 by u5227470736789439
Dear Tam,

Here is an answer buried deep in another thread that is pertinent here (even if wildly off topic sorry!)...

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The quality of transfers is very master source dependant. If the metal parts (of the 78 recording) exist then the shellac can be by-passed completely getting a level of clarity similar to modern recordings, but once it becomes necessay to use the commercial shellac pressings a lot can be lost if the pressing is noisy. This stems from the variable grade of shellac used at different times, and in different territories. The best was strangely that made in India! Next up tended to be Us shellac, and British pressings were relatively noisy. Slate dust is part of the mix of shellac, and the grade of the dust is very significant in the eventual quality of replay. This is why a grooved out 78 tends to go grey.

Of course if the metal parts [used to create a new vinyl disc for transfering] are badly worn from pressing a popular release the issues become more serious. Some American Columbia transfers are made from safety copies cut in parallel to the original masters on lacquer discs, and these, if virgin can yield the best quality of all. Unfortunately lacquer degrades over time, and becomes very fragile. It can break up during transfer, ruining the source material for ever.

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If a company like Naxos want to convince the public its transfers are finer than a master transfer they need to claim that the shellac copy is superior in its qualities to the metal parts or any safety copy! Clearly this is not the case, unless the master is ruined. The only reason to use shellc pressings is if the master is damaged beyond restoration or has been destroyed, which is not as rare as you might think!

On the other hand I think Naxos actualy publish very fine transfers which are not so much less fine than those from the primary sources. Of course even an out of copyright recording can be republished in a clean new transfer, if the originals still exist. EMI is uniquely placed in this respect.

Other fine transfers of 78s appear on EMI and Testament (usually original masters used), Pearl (shellac) and APR Apian (also shellac) regularly, while other companies are a lot more hit and miss! On the other hand fine mono is almost the perfect music replay medium, and I am increasingly coming to the view that only a very fine natural stereo recording really is demonstrably finer than mono. I still argue that there once more than two microphones for stereo are used, the result will always be finer in mono, so that rules out maybe 95% of stereo recording made since the early sixties!

All the best from Fredrik
Posted on: 16 May 2006 by Tam
Dear Fredrik,

Thanks for that (the metal parts reason was the one he gave when their efforts might be better).

Talking of fine mono transfers - CD Masters the other day played Bruno Walter's 1938 recording of Mahler's 9th symphony (well, part of it) which was made on wax cylinders (not that you'd have known from the sound).

regards, Tam
Posted on: 16 May 2006 by u5227470736789439
That Mahler Nine is the only one record of Mahler I still have and I cannot get over the sheer tragic depth in the strings at the start of the slow movement.

It was recorded by EMI with their senior engineer, Charles Gregory, overseeing a recording that invloved four lathes being used in two parallel pairs. There was no chance of a make up, of course. This is where the confusion of inadvertent stereo comes from, but Fred Gaisberg, EMI's chief producer before the War had produced Elgar's own HMV recordings using just this safety policy, owing to the dificulty of being sure he could be available for any retakes. He produced the Musikverein recording of the Ninth. The waxes were removed before the Anschluss, which of course meant Walter left Vienna for exile as well. There is something very special in that old performance, and it remains the only Mahler I can still enjoy! I think it was made on wax discs, as they were quickly published on 78s in the English Speaking World, and EMIs transfer gets an exra-ordinary quality, almost regardless of its period...

Fredrik
Posted on: 16 May 2006 by u5227470736789439
Dear Tam,

I just realised that I have given a little exposition on a subject I have been fascinated by since the age of ten! That was when I read up on the recordings of Elgar, and AD Blumlein became a sort of childhhod hero! What a strange choice of hero.

Since then I became fascinated by how these old things, containing so much musical value, could be brought back to life. In those days the priorities were totally musical, and any developement was designed to enhance the musical rather than spectacular sonic quality in play back!

Fredrik
Posted on: 17 May 2006 by Earwicker
quote:
Originally posted by Fredrik_Fiske:
On the other hand I think Naxos actualy publish very fine transfers which are not so much less fine than those from the primary sources.
Indeed. And of course there's a lot more to it than simply the quality of the source; there're some nifty technologies for getting rid of noise and distortion and enhancing things in general. The choice of technology and the skill with which it is applied are all part and parcel of a really good tranfer. A good primary source always helps, of course...!

EW

EW
Posted on: 17 May 2006 by u5227470736789439
Dear EW,

All that can be done is to attempt to restore any damage with the modern computer methods, whether the damage is the inherent noise in a shallac pressing ot damage in the metal parts.

If the master is pristine then it is quite possible to issue the transfer without any significant work beyond correction for EQ. This is never quite the case with a transfer taken from from a shellac pressing.

Fredrik
Posted on: 17 May 2006 by Tam
To return this thread to its original subject, today I was listening to some more of the Haydn and in particular number 98 (which was very fine indeed). I noticed a harpsichord, particularly in the finale. This struck me as add, since I couldn't recall that from my other (Bernstein) recording - indeed, I've checked and it definitely isn't there (at least - not running throughout as it does in Jochum - there is a bar or two of what sounds vaguely like a harpsichord right at the end). I assume this is some kind of continuo - I wonder if anyone can explain why some interpreters would choose to remove it (or possibly it is played on other instruments in the Bernstein and simply less noticeable as a result).

regards, Tam