New Bach Brandenburg Recording

Posted by: u5227470736789439 on 22 February 2008

A couple of days ago, I listened to the Third Brandenburg Concerto played by a crack band of HIP musicians directed by Trevor Pinnock, newly issued on the Avie label.

I have long had a quite large admiration for Pinnock as a no nonsense interpreter of Bach and Handel, and occasionally responsible for some great and revelatory performances on records/CDs.

When I saw that he was revisiting the Brandenburg Concertos in the recording studio I was delighted. I thought the years since his first effort for DG in the 1980s, and still one of the best recommendations for a first recording of them, would have deepened his understanding and potentially brought some very fine music making forward.

But sadly I have to say not. Like so many recording these works, Mr Pinnock seems to have been unable to avoid the temptation to use the gimmickry of playing about with the music in the actual sense of altering the texts. The First Movement kicks off well enough. Plenty of energy, though a tempo just too fast to allow for much light and shade in the music, but how much is allowed is a question of taste rather than anything that can be said to be definitely wrong. The pair of full chords that amount to a Cadence that is all Bach left for a Second Movement are augmented with a massive [and far too long IMO, of course] Violin Cadenza, which seems curiously out of place.

But the real shock is the Third Movement. This movement makes no quarter for the players' technique at all, and requires the three 'celli, and one double bass to play all the notes that the violins play at different times - at their different octaves of course.

The fact that the movement kicks of in the high strings and the 'celli, and bass only enter on the third beat of the second bar is no excuse for saying what they play need be less clear than the violins' parts as it is already in imitation, already stated, as the second half launches with a significantly altered variant of the original motif in the 'celli, and bass, later imitated by the upper strings. Well normally it does, but what Pinnock does amounts to Philistine butchery of Bach's clearly written intentions!

Immediately it is obvious that the basic tempo is probably much too fast to allow the bass line to be articulated, and I wondered how on earth it would be! It isn't, because it isn't even played. The 'celli play what is written, and it is curiously unclear, but worst of all Pinnock has rewritten the bass-line so what the bass does play, is audible but completely transformed!

He allows the bass to play the first note in every group of three, in the groups of twelve in each bar, so we get a bass note every on each beat of the bar, and not the runs that Bach wrote. Elsewhere in the music Bach uses exactly this way of writing in the bass [with 'celli playing the same line an octave above] as a contrast to the beautiful swaying bass-line that occurs when twelve notes per bar are written and played. He wrote this contrast into the very music, which Pinnock seems to find fit to sacrifice this aspect on the alter of his own conception of it.

Tempi are a matter of taste. Rewriting the text is a matter for serious objection, especially when the choice of a more reasonable tempo would have allowed for the music to be played as written. One might almost say, to be played authentically. But yet this performance claims to be informed by "authentic" HIP practice.

I wish the recordings could be offered as Bach arranged Pinnock, and then this change would be flagged up!

This is not a satisfactory solution to the age-old problem of what speed to go in the music. HM Linde solves it with a wonderfully swung, and quite steady tempo, allowing every nuance out, and Reinhardt Goebel manages it by having such a phenomenal bass player who managed to play the part at a very, very fast speed! Though the result is hardly expressive as music making, it is a remarkable piece of playing from the technical standpoint. It is very closely recorded, so the detail is not lost, so in that case the recording became as much part of an extreme concept as the actual playing ...

Both cases, Pinnock and Goebel, reduce the possible contrasts as they limit the nuance a player can bring to his part, and Pinnock compounds this with a senseless adjustment to the texts. Why?

I really wondered whether to post this, but then I felt I really should! I generally hate negativity ...

George
Posted on: 22 February 2008 by cider glider
A interesting post George. I shall have to see how the recording I own (Camerata of the 18th Century, cond. Konrad Hünteler, on MDG) deals with that difficult 3rd movement.

Mark S
Posted on: 22 February 2008 by Tam
Dear George,

Obviously I don't have anything like your knowledge of Bach. I too have enjoyed Pinnock's earlier recordings and after hearing some comparative exerts of CD Review the other week, I picked up the set, and I have to say I prefer it.

regards, Tam
Posted on: 22 February 2008 by u5227470736789439
Dear Tam,

I thought the old Pinnock DG recording made a nice refreshing change after Menuhin and the Bath Festival Orchestra [best London players] on HMV LPs, and it was one of my first few CD sets at about £30 for the pair of discs in the mid-eighties.

Within months I got the French EMI Pathe Marconi LPs of Adolf Busch's wonderful 1935 English Columbia set only to realise that this contained more of the music's elan than either Menuhin or Pinnock!

A while on I got the marvelous set from HM Linde [on Virgin], and found an HIP set that matched the Busch set for sheer musicality. Both these sets manage to be full of the beauty, joy, and strength of the music, and both manage to be completely without mannerism, whilst Linde manages to avoid any adjustment of instrumentation or the text!

Please send me an email, as I have lost your email address [my new one is in profile]. I'll have a look later, as I have an idea! All I can say is that I was quite saddened by what Pinnock did in the Third Concerto, broadcast on Radio Three in the week. The trouble with the Third Concerto is that I know it literally note for note having played it more times than any other works except Messiah and Elgar's pomp and Circumstance March Number One! It was on my finale concert simply because it was known to mean so much to me! I never played better than in that Concerto in my Finale concert. One of the few recordings I am willing to play to any guest who comes to visit me. It is almost flawless which is amazing for a live amateur concert, though all the players except me were regular London players in the 1950s. But such experience makes me hard to please in the music, which can be a problem!

George
Posted on: 24 February 2008 by pe-zulu
Dear George,

Having listened to Pinnocks second Brandenburg set only once, I found it rather disappointing compared to his earlier set for Archiv. Some of the problem, I think, is the fact, that the players often are unable to meet his demands (only a few real star soloists are featured) - not the least concerning tempo - sometimes leaving a casual impression without sufficient direction. I may be too strict, - a second listening in the future may correct my impression.

The Third Brandenburg has always posed problems as to balance, at most when played on modern instruments. It is a bit bass-heavy. Different leaders have tried to solve the problem in different ways. Karl Richter in his two recordings (for Decca and Archive respectively) scores the three violin-parts with two or three players per part, whereas the other parts (viole, celli, bass) are scored with one player per part. Thurston Dart in his recording with Marriner for Philips "solved" the problem by dropping the third cello completely and incorporating its part into the cembalo continuo as to the few passages where the third cello plays an individual part not in unison with the two other celli. Even if Pinnock uses period instruments, I think his modifications of the bass part serve the same purpose - to create a less bass-loaden sound, supposing that the real cause isn´t the fact, that his bass player was unable to play the part as written, in the rempo Pinnock asked for. But you are right, modifications ought to be forbidden, and other recordings have indeed shown us, how the balance may be made satisfying without any real modifications, but just by asking the cello players to play with a tad restraint.

Kindest regards,
Poul
Posted on: 24 February 2008 by u5227470736789439
Dear Poul,

I have just made a detailed listening to the HM Linde set, and the three recording where I played the bass, as well as Busch's marvelous set and the old Wenzinger ...

In every case the balance is not heavily loaded toward the bass in the Finale of the Third Concerto, and actually I was surprised how fast all but one of the performances actually were [the one performance where I set the tempi, by general agreement at the rehearsal, is about 45 seconds longer than any of them while taking both parts reapeated, so not much slower, but very useful in musical terms], not the least the Busch set which is probably as fast as the new Pinnock. In each case however there is no textual adjustment in this moivement, and in the Busch set particularly it was beautifully clear, in spite of being the fastest of all of them.

The idea that the bass player in the new Pinnock could not play the part well, and so it was altered for the recording is possible. It is a phenomenal work-out on the bass! In listening to others I found that in each case except the Busch recording there is some muddle in the points that seem almost impossible in my experience. So the difficult moments must be possible. The player on the Busch set might have been his Italian Bass-payer friend Morini, or possibly George Yate, then prinical bass player in the London Symphomy Orchestra, and from the one bass-player I know who knew him, one of the most unassuming virtuosi of the intrument. A Pedagogue of the first order, with all the patience in the world with pupils.

So I remain disappointed that the new Pinnock recording is not a great achievement I want to add to my collection. I was very hopeful. The best performance of this remians that of HM Linde, though Busch has similar qualities, and it hardly seems to matter that his instruments are in the then current modern set-up with modern high bridges, long finger-boards, but of course with gut strings. I think the strings are the vital point, because gut strings are much more articualte, allowing the notes to be made that much more easily, even by a player like me!

George
Posted on: 24 February 2008 by u5227470736789439
Dear Poul,

Your observation about the potential for the Third Concerto to be bass weighty is something that was dealt with in my experience in different ways in my playing days. The first time our little string group played it in public [at our inaugural concert], it was indeed over weight. One to a part, and I was at that time still used to producing a massive orchestral forte on the bass, to match heavy brass and percussion! So with only a handful of higher strings I was rapidly learning to curtail my Tutti Forte dynamic! But not fast enough for me not to overload the recording entirely from time to time! I changed my strings to a lighter gut set immediately after hearing the replayed tape! Flat wound steel on gut to plain gut as fast as these could be delivered! The bottom two [of the normal set of four] were wound in silver round wire on plain gut, and my fifth string remained as ever a Pirastro Original, being a splendid all steel string that remarkably got a very nice gut like sound, though was hardly articulate! It did not matter about articulation on the fifth profound "B" string, though articulation could be got on a stab accent on a "C to E flat" in Mozart for example, who happily employed this effect for rhythmic purposes. Bach never wrote runs on the very bottom notes, just pedals or repeated notes like in the organ writing, as he would have known the impossibility of being terribly mobile at those pitches!

The next two times we played the concerto were in Pershore Abbey and then Witley Church - both with clear but large acoustics - and in those cases we doubled the three violin parts so we had six violins, three violas, three cellos and a bass. This got a good balance with large projection into biggish spaces. Witley was recorded. The last time I played the bass, we again used one to a part, because the space was relative small, and in that case I used a very small chamber bass, which complemented the balance wonderfully. It is the clearest recording, because it strangely seemed to completely ignore the acoustic of the church, which was actually very full of audience, but which oddly caused a few problems of ensemble in the earlier rehearsal.

But the concert was one of those times when everything went better than could have been hoped, and the recording shows this as if under a microscope! Everything is there to hear, no hiding place for any smudging at all!

Balance is a very strange thing, as what you hear next the instrument you are playing, is not what is apparent in the audience. Sometimes it can really fox you as a player!

George